Laser Welding Basics
Ịgbado ọkụ laser bụ usoro enweghị kọntaktị nke chọrọ ịnweta mpaghara weld site n'otu akụkụ nke akụkụ a na-agbado.
• A na-emepụta weld dị ka ọkụ laser siri ike na-ekpo ọkụ ngwa ngwa - a na-agbakọ ya na milli-sekọnd.
• A na-enwekarị ụdị weld atọ:
– Ọnọdụ omume.
- Ọnọdụ omume/nbanye.
- Ntinye ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ igodo.
• A na-eme ịgbado ọkụ n'ụdị omume na njupụta ume dị ala na-akpụ weld nugget nke na-emighị emi na obosara.
• Usoro njikwa/nbanye na-apụta na njupụta ike ọkara, ma na-egosi nbanye karịa ọnọdụ nduzi.
• The penetration ma ọ bụ keyhole mode ịgbado ọkụ e ji miri warara welds.
- Na nke a mode ìhè laser na-etolite filament nke vaporized ihe mara dị ka "keyhole" nke na-agbatị n'ime ihe ma na-enye conduit maka ọkụ laser na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-anapụta n'ime ihe.
- Nke a kpọmkwem nnyefe nke ike n'ime ihe anaghị adabere na conduction iji nweta penetration, ya mere na-ebelata okpomọkụ n'ime ihe ma na-ebelata okpomọkụ emetụtara mpaghara.
Nhazi ịgbado ọkụ
• Njikọ aka na-akọwa ezinụlọ nke usoro nke a na-elekwasị anya n'osisi laser:
- Iji nye njupụta ike n'usoro nke 10³ Wmm⁻²
- Ọ na-ejikọta ihe iji mepụta nkwonkwo na-enweghị nnukwu vaporization.
• Ndokwa ịgbado ọkụ nwere ụdịdị 2:
– Kpọmkwem kpo oku
– Ike nnyefe.
Direct Okpomọkụ
• N'oge kpo oku ozugbo,
- okpomọkụ eruba na-achịkwa oge gboo thermal conduction si a elu okpomọkụ isi iyi na weld na-mere site agbaze akụkụ nke isi ihe.
• The 1st conduction welds e mere na mmalite 1960s, jiri obere ike pulsed rubi na CO2 lasers maka njikọ waya.
• A pụrụ ime weld conduction n'ụdị dị iche iche nke ọla na alloys n'ụdị wires na mpempe akwụkwọ dị mkpa na nhazi dị iche iche na-eji.
- CO2 , Nd: YAG na diode lasers nwere ọkwa ike n'usoro nke iri puku watts.
– Kpọmkwem kpo oku site a CO2 A pụkwara iji eriri laser mee ihe n'apata na welds n'ime mpempe akwụkwọ polymer.
Mgbado ọkụ nnyefe
• Mgbado ọkụ na-ebufe bụ ụzọ dị mma nke ijikọ polymers na-ebufe radieshon infrared dị nso nke Nd: YAG na diode lasers.
• A na-etinye ike ahụ site na ụzọ nnabata ihu ihu ọhụrụ.
• Enwere ike ijikọ ihe ndị mejupụtara ma ọ bụrụhaala na akụrụngwa thermal nke matrix na nkwado yiri ya.
• A na-eji ụdị nnyefe ike nke ịgbado ọkụ conduction na ihe ndị na-ebufe n'akụkụ radieshon infrared dị nso, ọkachasị polymers.
• A na-edobe ink na-adọrọ adọrọ na interface nke nkwonkwo ụkwụ. Ink ahụ na-amịkọrọ ike ọkụ laser, bụ nke a na-eduzi n'ime oke oke nke ihe ndị gbara ya gburugburu iji mepụta ihe nkiri dị n'etiti ihu igwe gbazere nke na-esiwanye ike dị ka nkwonkwo welded.
• Enwere ike ịme nkwonkwo ụkwụ ụkwụ dị arọ na-enweghị agbaze n'elu elu nke nkwonkwo.
• Butt weld nwere ike ime site n'iduzi ume gaa n'ahịrị njikọ n'akụkụ site na ihe dị n'otu akụkụ nke nkwonkwo, ma ọ bụ site na otu njedebe ma ọ bụrụ na ihe ahụ na-ebufe nke ukwuu.
Laser soldering na brazing
• N'ime usoro ịgbanye laser na brazing, a na-eji ọkụ na-agbaze ihe mgbakwunye, nke na-eme ka akụkụ ọnụ nke nkwonkwo na-agbaze na-enweghị agbaze ihe ndabere.
• Laser soldering malitere inweta ewu ewu na mmalite 1980s maka isonye na-eduga nke ngwa eletrọnịkị site na oghere na bọọdụ sekit ebipụtara. A na-ekpebi usoro usoro site na ihe onwunwe.
Ntinye Laser Welding
• Na njupụta ike dị elu ihe niile ga-ekupụ ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ike itinye ume. Ya mere, mgbe ịgbado ọkụ n'ụzọ dị otú a oghere na-emekarị kpụrụ site evaporation.
• A na-agafe "oghere" a site na ihe a na-ekpuchi mgbidi a wụrụ awụ n'azụ ya.
• Ihe si na ya pụta bụ ihe a maara dị ka "weld keyhole. Ihe e ji mara nke a bụ mpaghara ngwakọta akụkụ akụkụ ya na obosara dị warara.
Ịgbado ọkụ laser arụmọrụ
• Okwu iji kọwapụta echiche nke ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma bụ nke a maara dị ka "njikọta arụmọrụ".
• Ịrụ ọrụ nbanye abụghị ezigbo arụmọrụ n'ihi na o nwere nkeji nke (mm2 jikọtara /kJ ewepụtara).
- arụmọrụ = Vt / P (ntụgharị nke ike a kapịrị ọnụ na ịkpụ) ebe V = ọsọ na-agafe, mm / s; t = ọkpụrụkpụ welded, mm; P = ike merenụ, KW.
Ịbanye arụmọrụ
• Ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke ntinye aka na-arụ ọrụ na-eme ka obere ume na-emefu na ikpo ọkụ na-enweghị isi.
– Obere okpomọkụ emetụtara mpaghara (HAZ).
– Lower mgbagha.
• Ịgbado ọkụ na-eguzogide na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na nke a n'ihi na njikọ na ike HAZ na-emepụta nanị na nkwụsi ike dị elu ka a ga-agbanye.
• Laser na eletrọn ọkụ nwekwara ezigbo arụmọrụ yana njupụta ike dị elu.
Usoro dị iche iche
• Arc Augmented Laser Welding.
- Akụ sitere na ọwa TIG nke etinyere na nso ebe mkparịta ụka laser ga-akpọchi ozugbo na ebe ọkụ ọkụ laser emepụtara.
- Okpomọkụ a chọrọ maka ihe omume a dị ihe dị ka 300 Celsius C karịa okpomọkụ gbara ya gburugburu.
- Mmetụta bụ ma ọ bụ ịkwado arc nke na-ejighị n'aka n'ihi ọsọ ọ na-agafe ma ọ bụ iji belata nkwụsị nke arc nke kwụsiri ike.
- Mkpọchi na-eme naanị maka arcs nwere obere ugbu a na ya mere ngwa ngwa cathode jet; ya bụ, maka mmiri na-erughị 80A.
- Arc dị n'otu akụkụ nke workpiece dị ka laser nke na-enye ohere ịgbado ọkụ okpukpu abụọ maka mmụba dị nta na ọnụ ahịa isi obodo.
• ejima doo Laser ịgbado ọkụ
- Ọ bụrụ na-eji 2 laser doo n'out oge, e nwere ike ịchịkwa weld ọdọ mmiri geometry na weld bead udi.
- Iji 2 elektrọn doo, igodo ahụ nwere ike kwụsie ike na-eme ka ebili mmiri dị ole na ole na ọdọ mmiri weld wee nye ntinye kacha mma na ụdị bead.
– Onye excimer na CO2 Laser beam Nchikota gosiri mma njikọ maka ịgbado ọkụ nke elu reflectivity ihe, dị ka aluminom ma ọ bụ ọla kọpa nwere ike nweta.
- A na-ahụta njikọ agbakwunyere ka ọ bụ isi n'ihi:
• na-agbanwe ntụgharị uche site na mwepu elu nke excimer kpatara.
• mmetụta nke abụọ na-apụta site na njikọta site na excimer emepụtara plasma.
