definition
Laser Ultrafast bụ ụdị laser ultra-short pulsed nke nwere obosara usu na-erughị ma ọ bụ n'ime ọkwa pico2nd (10-12s), nke akọwara na-adabere n'ụdị mmepụta ike. Nke a metụtara nkọwa na "ultrafast phenomena". Ihe omume Ultrafast na-ezo aka na ihe na-eme na usoro anụ ahụ, kemịkalụ ma ọ bụ usoro ndu nke na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa na usoro microscopic nke ihe. N'ime usoro atomic na molecular, usoro oge nke mmegharị nke atọm na ụmụ irighiri ihe dị n'usoro nke picoseconds ruo femtoseconds. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, oge ntụgharị mkpụrụ ndụ dị n'usoro nke picoseconds, na oge nke vibration bụ na usoro nke femtoseconds. Mgbe obosara usu laser rutere n'ogo nke pico2nd ma ọ bụ femtosecond, ọ nwere ike na-ezere mmetụta na mkpokọta thermal mmegharị nke ụmụ irighiri ihe (mkpụrụ ọkụ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe bụ microscopic kachasi mkpa nke okpomọkụ nke ihe), na ihe na-eme na oge ọnụ ọgụgụ nke molekụla ịma jijiji. Mmetụta, nke mere na mgbe ị na-enweta nzube nke nhazi, mmetụta okpomọkụ na-ebelata nke ukwuu.
ụdị
Enwere ọtụtụ ụzọ nhazi ọkwa maka lasers, n'ime nke a nwere ụzọ nhazi 4 a na-ejikarị eme ihe, gụnyere nhazi site na ihe na-arụ ọrụ, nhazi site na mmepụta ike ike (ụdị ọrụ), nhazi site na mmepụta ogologo ogologo (agba), na nhazi site na ike.
N'ime ha, dị ka ike mmepụta waveform, lasers nwere ike kewaa na-aga n'ihu lasers, pulsed lasers, na quasi-na-aga n'ihu lasers:
Laser na-aga n'ihu
Ọ bụ laser nke na-arụpụta ụdị ume ike kwụsiri ike n'oge awa ọrụ. A na-eji ike dị elu mara ya ma nwee ike ịhazi ihe ndị nwere nnukwu olu na ebe mgbaze dị elu, dị ka efere ígwè.
Laser gbara agba
Ọ na-emepụta ike n'ụdị pulses. Dị ka obosara usu si kwuo, enwere ike kewaa ya gaa na milli2nd lasers, micro2nd lasers, nano2nd shutdown devices, pico2nd lasers, femto2nd lasers, and atto2nd lasers; dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na laser pulse obosara nke pulse laser dị n'etiti 1-1000ns, nke anyị na-akpọ nano2nd lasers, na na. Anyị na-akpọ pico2nd lasers, femto2nd lasers, atto2nd lasers, na ultrafast lasers. Ike nke laser pulsed dị nnọọ ala karịa nke laser na-aga n'ihu, ma nhazi nhazi dị elu karịa nke laser na-aga n'ihu, na n'ozuzu ya, obosara nke pulse dị warara, ka nhazi nhazi ahụ dị elu.
Quasi-CW Laser
Ọ nwere ike pụta ugboro ugboro laser nwere ike dị elu n'ime oge ụfọdụ, ọ bụkwa laser pulse na tiori.
E nwekwara ike ịkọwapụta ụdị mmetụta ike nke lasers 3 dị n'elu site na oke "okirikiri ọrụ". Maka laser, enwere ike ịkọwa okirikiri ọrụ dị ka oke nke oge mmepụta ike laser metụtara ngụkọta oge n'ime okirikiri pulse.
CW laser ọrụ okirikiri (= 1)> quasi-CW laser ọrụ okirikiri> pulsed laser ọrụ okirikiri. N'ozuzu, ka obosara usu nke laser pulsed dị warara, na-ebelata ọrụ okirikiri.
Na ngalaba nhazi ihe, lasers pulsed bụ mmalite ngwaahịa mgbanwe nke lasers na-aga n'ihu. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ike mmepụta nke lasers na-aga n'ihu enweghị ike ịdị elu nke ukwuu n'ihi mmetụta nke ihe ndị dị ka ikike ibu nke isi ihe na ọkwa nke nkà na ụzụ na mmalite mmalite, na ihe ahụ enweghị ike ikpo ọkụ ruo ebe mgbaze. Ihe dị n'elu na-enweta nzube nke nhazi. Ọ bụrụ na a na-eji ụfọdụ ụzọ teknụzụ na-etinye uche na mmepụta ike nke laser na otu usu, nke mere na ọ bụ ezie na ngụkọta ike nke laser adịghị agbanwe, ike ozugbo n'oge pulse na-abawanye nke ukwuu, nke na-egbo mkpa nke nhazi ihe. Mgbe e mesịrị, teknụzụ laser na-aga n'ihu ji nwayọọ nwayọọ tozuo okè, a chọpụtakwara na laser pulsed nwere nnukwu uru na nhazi nhazi. Nke a bụ n'ihi na thermal mmetụta nke pulsed laser na ihe dị nta, na warara na laser usu obosara, nta nke thermal mmetụta, na smoother nsọtụ nke esichara ihe , kwekọrọ ekwekọ machining ziri ezi dị elu.
components
Ihe isi 2 chọrọ nke laser ultrafast: nkwụsi ike dị elu ultrashort pulse na ume usu dị elu. N'ozuzu, ultrashort pulses nwere ike nweta site na iji mode-mkpọchi technology, na elu pulse ume nwere ike nweta site na iji CPA amplification technology. Ihe ndị bụ isi nke gụnyere oscillators, stretchers, amplifiers, na compressors. N'ime ha, teknụzụ oscillator na amplifier bụ ihe kachasị sie ike, yana ha bụkwa teknụzụ bụ isi nke ụlọ ọrụ nrụpụta laser ultrafast.
Oscillator
Na oscillator, ultrafast laser pulses na-enweta site na iji usoro mkpọchi ọnọdụ.
Onye osi ite
Ihe ndọtị ahụ na-agbatị mkpụrụ femto2nd iche n'ime oge site na ogologo nfe dị iche iche.
ampilifaya
A na-eji ampilifaya chirped eme ka ọ nwee ume n'ụzọ zuru oke nke a gbatịworo pulse a.
Compress
Compressor na-achịkọta ụdịdị dị iche iche nke akụrụngwa dị iche iche wee weghachi ha n'obosara femto2nd, si otú a na-etolite pulses femto2nd laser nwere nnukwu ike ozugbo.
ngwa
E jiri ya tụnyere nano2nd na milli2nd lasers, ọ bụ ezie na n'ozuzu ike nke ultrafast lasers dị ala, n'ihi na ọ na-eme kpọmkwem na oge ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe molekul vibrations, ọ na-aghọta "oyi nhazi" n'ezie, otú nhazi ziri ezi na-mma nke ukwuu.
N'ihi njirimara dị iche iche, lasers dị elu na-aga n'ihu, laser na-abụghị ultrafast pulsed lasers na ultrafast lasers nwere nnukwu ọdịiche na mpaghara ngwa ngwa:
A na-eji lasers dị elu na-aga n'ihu (na lasers nke na-aga n'ihu) maka igbutu, ịgbanye, ịgbado ọkụ, mkpuchi elu, mkpọpu ala, 3D mbipụta nke ígwè ihe.
A na-eji laser pulsed na-abụghị ultrafast maka akara nke ihe na-abụghị ọla, nhazi nke ihe silicon, ihe osise ziri ezi nke elu igwe, nhicha nke elu igwe, ịgbado ọkụ nke ọma nke ọla, micromachining nke ọla.
A na-eji laser Ultrafast maka ịkpụ na ịgbado ọkụ nke ihe ndị na-ahụ anya dị ka iko, PET na sapphire na ihe siri ike na nke na-agbaji agbaji, akara nkenke, ophthalmic ịwa ahụ, microscopic passivation na etching nke ihe.
Site n'echiche nke ojiji, ike CW lasers na ultrafast lasers enweghị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmekọrịta ngbanwe. Ha dị ka anyụike na tweezers, na nha ha nwere uru na ọghọm nke ha. Ngwa mgbada nke lasers pulsed na-abụghị nke ultrafast nwere ụfọdụ nkpuchi na lasers na-aga n'ihu na laser ultrafast. Site na nsonaazụ n'ezie, n'okpuru otu ngwa ahụ, ike ya adịghị mma dị ka nke lasers na-aga n'ihu, na izi ezi ya adịghị mma dị ka nke laser ultrafast. Nke kachasị pụta ìhè bụ arụmọrụ ọnụ ahịa.
Karịsịa nano2nd ultraviolet laser, ọ bụ ezie na obosara usu ya adịghị eru ọkwa pico2nd, mana nhazi nhazi na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọzọ agba nano2nd lasers, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na nhazi na ịmepụta ngwaahịa 3C. N'ọdịnihu, ka ọnụ ahịa nke ultrafast lasers na-ebelata, ọ nwere ike were nano2nd ultraviolet ahịa.
Ultrafast lasers na-aghọta nhazi nhazi oyi n'ezie ma nwee uru dị ukwuu na nhazi nhazi. Ka teknụzụ mmepụta nke ultrafast lasers ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eto, ọnụ ahịa nke nta nke nta na-ebelata. N'ọdịnihu, a na-atụ anya na a ga-eji ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na nkà mmụta ọgwụ ahụike, ikuku ikuku, ngwá electronic ndị ahịa, ihe ngosi ọkụ, gburugburu ike ume, ígwè ọrụ ziri ezi na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị ala.
Oslọ Ọgwụ Ahụike
Enwere ike iji laser Ultrafast na ngwa ịwa ahụ anya na ngwaọrụ ịchọ mma. A na-eji laser femto2nd mee ihe na ịwa ahụ myopia ma mara ya dị ka "mgbanwe ọzọ na ịwa ahụ na-emegharị anya" mgbe teknụzụ aberration nke wavefront gasịrị. Axis anya nke ndị ọrịa myopic buru ibu karịa axis anya nkịtị, nke mere na n'ọnọdụ ntụrụndụ nku anya, nlebara anya nke ụzarị ọkụ yiri ya mgbe ntugharị anya site na sistemụ refractive anya na-ada n'ihu retina. Ịwa ahụ laser Femto2nd nwere ike wepu oke ahụ ike na akụkụ axial ma weghachi anya axial ka ọ dị mma. Ịwa ahụ Laser Femto2nd nwere uru nke izi ezi dị elu, nchekwa dị elu, nkwụsi ike dị elu, oge ọrụ dị mkpirikpi, na nkasi obi dị elu, ma ghọọ otu n'ime ụzọ ịwa ahụ myopia kachasị.
N'ihe gbasara ịma mma, enwere ike iji laser ngwa ngwa wepụ pigmenti na moles nke ala, wepụ egbugbu, ma melite ịka nká anụ ahụ.
Consumer Electronics
Ultrafast lasers na-adabara ike na kenkuwa transperent ihe nhazi, mkpa film nhazi, nkenke marking, wdg na n'ichepụta usoro nke n'ji ngwá electronic. Ekwentị mkpanaaka tempered iko na sapphire bụ ndị nnọchiteanya siri ike, kenkuwa na transperent ihe na n'ji ngwá electronic akụrụngwa, karịsịa sapphire, n'ihi na ya elu ike ike na elu brittleness, arụmọrụ na mkpụrụ ọnụego nke omenala machining ụzọ dị ala; Sapphire na-eji ugbu a ọtụtụ ebe A na-eji ya na smart smart, mkpuchi igwefoto ekwentị, mkpuchi modul mkpịsị aka, wdg; nano2nd ultraviolet laser na ultrafast laser bụ ụzọ teknụzụ kachasị maka ịkpụ sapphire ugbu a, yana mmetụta nhazi nke laser ultrafast dị mma karịa nke ultraviolet nano2nd laser. Na mgbakwunye, usoro nhazi nke modul igwefoto na modul akara mkpịsị aka na-eji bụ nke kachasị nano2nd na pico2nd lasers. Maka ịcha ihuenyo ekwentị mkpanaaka na-agbanwe agbanwe (mpịakọta ihuenyo) na ihe kwekọrọ 3D Ngwuputa iko n'ọdịnihu, teknụzụ bụ isi ga-abụ laser ultrafast.
Ultrafast lasers nwekwara ngwa dị mkpa na nrụpụta panel. Enwere ike iji laser Ultrafast maka igbutu polarizers OLED, peeling na ịrụzi n'oge nrụpụta LCD/OLED.
Maka OLEDs, ihe ndị polymer ya na-enwe mmetụta karịsịa maka mmetụta ọkụ. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, nha na oghere nke mkpụrụ ndụ ndị e mere ugbu a dị nnọọ obere, na nhazi nhazi nke fọdụrụ dịkwa ntakịrị. Usoro ịnwụ anwụ nke ọdịnala dị ka ọ dị na mbụ adịkwaghị mma maka taa. The mmepụta mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ, na ugbu a, e nwere ngwa chọrọ maka pụrụ iche-ekara ihuenyo na perforated ákwà ngebichi, bụ ndị karịrị ike nke omenala crafts. N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-egosipụta uru nke ultrafast lasers, karịsịa pico2nd ultraviolet ma ọ bụ ọbụna femto2nd lasers, nke nwere obere mpaghara okpomọkụ na-emetụta ma dị mma maka ngwa ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe dị ka nhazi usoro.
Micro ịgbado ọkụ
Maka mgbasa ozi siri ike dị ka iko, ihe dị iche iche dị ka absorption na-abụghị nke ntanetị, mmebi agbaze, nhazi plasma, ablation, na mgbasa fiber ga-eme mgbe ultrashort pulse laser na-agbasa na ọkara. Ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-egosi dị iche iche phenomena na-eme na mmekọrịta n'etiti ultrashort pulse laser na ihe siri ike n'okpuru dị iche iche ike njupụta na oge akpịrịkpa.
N'ihi na ultra-short pulse laser micro-welding technology adịghị mkpa itinye ihe etiti oyi akwa, nwere elu arụmọrụ, elu nkenke, ọ dịghị macroscopic thermal mmetụta, na nwere dịtụ ezigbo n'ibu na ngwa anya Njirimara mgbe micro-ịgbado ọkụ ọgwụgwọ, ọ bụ nnọọ adabara micro-ịgbado ọkụ nke transperent ihe dị ka iko. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị nchọpụta ejirila 70 fs, 250 kHz pulses kụchie mkpuchi njedebe na ọkọlọtọ na microstructured optical fibers.
Ngosipụta ọkụ
Ngwa nke ultrafast lasers n'ọhịa nke ngosi ọkụ na-ezo aka na ịde ederede na ịcha ọkụ ọkụ LED. Nke a bụ ihe atụ ọzọ nke ultrafast lasers kwesịrị ekwesị maka nhazi ihe siri ike na nke na-adịghị ike. Ultrafast laser nhazi nwere elu cross-ngalaba flatness na budata ibelata ihu chipping. A na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ na izi ezi nke ukwuu.
Ike nke fotovoltaic
Ultrafast lasers nwere ohere ngwa ngwa n'imepụta mkpụrụ ndụ fotovoltaic. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'imepụta batrị CIGS dị obere ihe nkiri, lasers ultrafast nwere ike dochie usoro ịde ihe mbụ ma mee ka ịdịmma nke ide ihe dịkwuo mma, karịsịa maka njikọ P2 na P3, nke nwere ike nweta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ chipping na enweghị mgbawa na nrụgide fọdụrụnụ.
aerospace
Iji melite arụmọrụ na ndụ ọrụ nke turbine agụba, wee melite arụmọrụ nke engine, ọ dị mkpa ka ịmụta ikuku jụrụ technology, nke na-etinye n'ihu oké elu chọrọ maka ikuku film oghere nhazi technology. N'afọ 2018, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Mechanics mepụtara ume otu usu kacha elu na China. The 26-watt ulo oru-ọkwa femto2nd fiber laser, na mepụtara a usoro nke ultra-ngwa ngwa laser oké mmepụta ngwá ọrụ, nweta a itunanya na "oyi nhazi" nke ikuku film oghere na aero-engine turbine agụba, na-ejuputa ụlọ ọdịiche. Usoro nhazi a dị elu karịa EDM Izi ezi nke usoro ahụ dị elu, na ọnụego mkpụrụ na-abawanye nke ọma.
A pụkwara itinye lasers Ultrafast na nhazi nkenke nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka fiber na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, na imeziwanye nke ọma na-arụ ọrụ ga-enyere aka ịgbasa ngwa ngwa nke ihe mgbagwoju anya dị ka eriri carbon na mbara igwe na mpaghara ndị ọzọ dị elu.
Ubi nyocha
2-photon polymerization technology (2PP) bụ "nano-optical" 3D Usoro obibi akwụkwọ, dị ka teknụzụ na-eme ngwa ngwa na-agwọ ọkụ, na onye na-ahụ maka ọdịnihu Christopher Barnatt kwenyere na nkà na ụzụ a nwere ike ịghọ ụdị nke mbụ. 3D ebipụta n'ọdịnihu. Ụkpụrụ nke teknụzụ polymerization nke 2-photon bụ iji họrọ agwọ ọrịa resin foto site na iji "femto2nd pulse laser". Ọ dị ka photocuring ngwa ngwa prototyping, ihe dị iche bụ na opekempe ọkpụrụkpụ oyi akwa na XY axis mkpebi na 2-photon polymerization technology nwere ike nweta bụ n'etiti 100 nm na 200 nm. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, 2PP 3D Nkà na ụzụ obibi akwụkwọ ziri ezi ọtụtụ narị ugboro karịa nkà na ụzụ ịkpụzi ọkụ, ihe ndị e biri ebi dịkwa obere karịa nje bacteria.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọnụ ahịa laser ultrafast ka dị oke ọnụ. Dị ka onye ọsụ ụzọ na ụlọ ọrụ, STYLECNC na-ama na-emepụta ultrafast laser nhazi akụrụngwa na enwetawo ezi ahịa nzaghachi. Ngwá ọkụ laser nkenke maka modul OLED dabere na teknụzụ laser ultrafast, ultrafast (picosecond / femtosecond) laser marking equipment, glass chamfering laser processing equipment for pico2nd infrared display screens, na pico2nd infrared glass wafers ewepụtala ngwa eji egbutu laser, igwe na-ahụ maka ọkụ ọkụ na-adịghị ahụ anya, semiconductor wafer. igwe ejiji laser, Igwe mkpuchi mkpuchi mkpuchi maka modul njirimara akara mkpisiaka, ahịrị mmepụta ihe ngosi na-agbanwe agbanwe na usoro ngwaahịa laser ngwa ngwa.
Uru & Cons
Uru
Ultrafast laser bụ akụkụ dị mkpa maka mmepe na mpaghara laser. Dị ka nkà na ụzụ na-apụta, ọ nwere uru dị ukwuu na micromachining ziri ezi. Igwe ọkụ dị mkpụmkpụ nke na-emepụta laser ngwa ngwa na-emekọrịta ihe na ihe ahụ maka obere oge, ọ gaghị ebute okpomọkụ na ihe ndị gbara ya gburugburu, ya mere a na-akpọ nhazi laser ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa. Nke a bụ n'ihi na, mgbe obosara pulse laser ruru ọkwa pico2nd ma ọ bụ femto2nd, enwere ike ịzenarị mmetụta dị na mmegharị thermal molecular ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu, na-ebute mmetụta na-ekpo ọkụ.
Dị ka ihe atụ, ọ bụrụ na anyị ejiri mma na-esi nri na-esi ísì ụtọ na-egbutu àkwá ndị e chebere echekwabara, anyị na-egbukarị àkwá ndị ahụ echekwabara n'ime iberibe. Ọ bụrụ n’ịhọrọ usoro ịkpụ nke nwere oke mma dị nkọ nke na-egbutu ọgbaghara ahụ ngwa ngwa, a ga-egbutu akwa ndị echekwara nke ọma na nke mara mma. Nke ahụ bụ uru ịdị oke ọsọ.
ọghọm
Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị elu dị ka sekit jikọtara ọnụ na panels nwere ihe dị oke elu chọrọ maka ngwá ọrụ nhazi laser, na enwere ihe ize ndụ nke ọganihu nkà na ụzụ na-adaba na atụmanya.
Ọnụ ego nke lasers ultra-fast dị elu, na ịgbanye na onye na-eweta laser ọhụrụ nwere ihe ize ndụ nke enweghị ike ịgbasa ahịa dị ka a tụrụ anya maka ma ndị na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ laser na ndị ọrụ kachasị ala.
